The TRIIM Trial: Growth Hormone, Metformin, DHEA, and the First Attempt at Human Thymus Rejuvenation
Nine men, one year, growth hormone plus metformin - and epigenetic clocks that ran backward. Inside the landmark TRIIM study,…
The Klotho Protein and Longevity: From Mineral Metabolism to Cognitive Rejuvenation
Mice lacking Klotho age in weeks; mice with extra Klotho live 30% longer and think better. The biology of the…
Thymus Regeneration and Immune Rejuvenation: Restoring the Organ of T-Cell Youth
The thymus shrinks from youth to old age, and immunity ages with it. How FOXN1, growth hormone, and bioengineered thymic…
Khavinson Peptide Bioregulators: Thymalin, Epithalamin, and Tissue-Specific Rejuvenation
Tissue-specific short peptides as regulators of aging - the Khavinson school's half-century program. What thymalin and epithalamin are, what trials…
Alexander Bogomolets and the Antireticular Cytotoxic Serum: The Soviet Quest Against Aging
In the 1930s the USSR backed a serum against aging at the highest state level. The science of Bogomolets's antireticular…
Alexander Bogdanov and Rejuvenation by Blood Transfusion: The 1920s Experiments That Anticipated Young-Blood Science
A century before parabiosis made headlines, a Soviet physician founded the world's first blood institute to test transfusion as rejuvenation.…
ER-100 and Partial Reprogramming in Humans: OSK Gene Therapy for the Visual System
Life Biosciences' ER-100 delivers Yamanaka factors to the aging eye. How the first human partial-reprogramming therapy works, what the optic-nerve…
NewLimit and Epigenetic Rejuvenation: Reprogramming Aged Cells Without Losing Identity
Founded by Coinbase's Brian Armstrong, NewLimit hunts transcription factors that restore youth to old cells. The science of epigenetic reprogramming…
Altos Labs and Cellular Reprogramming: A Multibillion-Dollar Bet on Reversing Aging
Backed by Bezos and Milner, Altos Labs pursues cellular rejuvenation through reprogramming. Inside the best-funded longevity startup in history -…
Retro Biosciences and the Goal of Ten Extra Healthy Years: Autophagy, Reprogramming, and RTR242
Sam Altman's longevity bet aims for a decade of additional healthy life. How Retro Biosciences pursues autophagy enhancement and cell…