Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Neoantigens, Dendritic Cells, and Sipuleucel-T
1. Introduction: Vaccines That Treat Rather Than Prevent Prophylactic vaccines prevent infection and thereby prevent some cancers (hepatitis B and…
Intravesical BCG and Bacterial Immunotherapy: Harnessing Infection to Treat Cancer
1. Introduction: Infection as Cancer Therapy The idea of using infection to treat cancer is more than a century old.…
Oncolytic Viruses: Repurposing Pathogens as Precision Weapons Against Cancer
1. Introduction: From Accidental Observation to Rational Design The concept of using viruses to treat cancer is not a modern…
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Paradigm-Shifting Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology
1. Introduction: The Transition to Immunomodulatory Oncology For decades, the cornerstone of systemic cancer therapy relied on cytotoxic chemotherapy and…
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Reprogramming the Immune System for Targeted Oncology
1. Introduction: The Paradigm Shift in Cancer Immunotherap For decades, the oncological paradigm relied on a triad of modalities: surgery,…