Immune-Based Therapies for HIV: Interferons, IL-2, IL-7, and Checkpoint Inhibitors
1. Introduction: The Rationale for Modulating Immunity in HIV Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls HIV by blocking viral replication, but it…
Therapeutic HIV Vaccines: Post-Infection Immunotherapy and the Path to a Functional Cure
1. Introduction: Prevention Vaccines Versus Post-Infection Vaccines Vaccines against infectious diseases are usually understood as preventive: they are given before…
Leronlimab (PRO 140): A Monoclonal CCR5 Antagonist in HIV Research
1. Introduction: A Monoclonal Antibody Against CCR5 Leronlimab, also known by its development name PRO 140, is a humanized IgG4…
Shock and Kill vs Block and Lock: Two Strategies to Attack the Viral Reservoir
1. Introduction: The Barrier to an HIV Cure The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has transformed HIV-1 infection from…
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bNAbs): A New Weapon Against HIV
1. Introduction: The Paradigm Shift in HIV Immunology For decades, the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine and curative therapeutics…